Breton

Breton
Language	Brezhoneg
Language family	Celtic
Script	Latin
Native speakers	210,000
Total speakers	210,000

Breton Language

About

Breton is apart of the Celtic family of languages that also includes: Irish, Scottish, Manx, Welsh, and Cornish. It is a minority language spoken almost entirely inside pockets of the French province of Brittany. While French is almost entirely the first language of Breton people at large, there are certain groups of people in Brittany where it is spoken as a native language. Even then though, people almost always have a French accent, and the Breton accent is lost to time. You're either learning this because you want to complete the full Celtic set, or because you live in a place that speaks it, but with only 210000 native speakers, and incredibly few secondary speakers, its probably the first.

Dialects

Breton has 4 main dialects: Kerneveg, Leoneg, Tregerieg and Gwenedeg. Some times the Goëlo dialect is sometimes considered a different dialect from Tregerieg because it was in a different bishopric, but linguists tend to classify it as a sub-dialect of Tregerieg. Kerneveg, Leoneg, Tregerieg are usually referred to together as KLT, Gwenedeg being very different form the other dialects.

Accentuation

In KLT, the penultimate syllable of each word is accentuated (there are a few exceptions such as amann (butter) and gwechall (erstwhile)), while in Gwenedeg, the last syllable is accentuated.

Orthography

Although Breton has been written for at least 1200 years, for most of its history it didn't have a unified orthography (mainly due to the wide variety of dialects). However, there are now three main orthography of Breton: peurunvan (meaning "absolutely unified") created in 1941 and also referred to as "ZH", skolveurieg (meaning "academic") created in 1953, and etrerannyezhel (meaning "inter-dialectal") created in 1975. Peurunvan is the most used.

Grammar

DISCLAIMER: The Breton grammar that is very shortly introduced below is the grammar of standard KLT Breton. Grammatical features may vary a lot among dialects. For info on the grammar of dialects, check the "Resources" section.

Word order

Breton is mainly V2, with the exception of the location form of the verb to be "emañ". Any component of the sentence can be put first, which results in this component being emphasized:

"I am reading a book in a meadow with a rabbit today"

Bez emaon o lenn ul levr gant ul lapin en ur bradenn hiziv. (neutral)

'Gant ul lapin emaon o lenn ul levr en ur bradenn hiziv. (emphasis on the rabbit)

Ul levr emaon o lenn gant ul lapin en ur bradenn hiziv. (emphasis on the book)

En ur bradenn emaon o lenn ul levr gant ul lapin hiziv. (emphasis on the meadow)

Me zo o lenn ul levr gant ul lapin en ur bradenn hiziv. (emphasis on the subject, me)

Hiziv emaon o lenn ul levr gant ul lapin en ur bradenn. (Temphasis on today)

Form with "emañ" which is VSO :

Emaon o lenn ul levr gant ul lapin en ur bradenn hiziv.

Numeration

Breton numeration is mainly vigesimal up to 200:

	1	2	3	4	5	6
Cardinal	unan	daou/div	tri/teir	pevar/peder	pemp	c'hwec'h
Ordinal	kentañ	eil/eilvet/daouvet/divet	trivet/teirvet	pevarvet/pederver	pempvet	c'hwec'hvet

7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
seizh	eizh	nav	dek	unnek	daouzek	trizek	pevarzek	pemzek
seizhvet	eizhvet	navet	dekvet	unnekvet	daouzekvet	trizekvet	pevarzekvet	pemzekvet

16	17	18	19	20	21	22
c'hwezk	seitek	triwec'h	naontek	ugent	unan-warn-ugent	daou-warn-ugent
c'hwezkvet	seitekvet	triwec'hvet	nontekvet	ugentvet	unanvet-warn-ugent	daouvet-warn-ugent divet-warn-ugent

30	31	40	41	50	60
tregont	unan ha tregont	daou-ugent	unan ha daou-ugent	hanterkant	tri-ugent
tregontvet	unvet ha tregont	daou-ugentvet	unanvet ha daou-ugent	hanterkantvet	tri-ugentvet

70	71	80	90	100
dek ha tri-ugent	unnek ha tri-ugent	pevar-ugent	dek ha pevar-ugent	kant
dekvet ha tri-ugent	unnekvet ha tri-ugent	pevar-ugentvet	dekvet ha pevar-ugent	kantvet

120	140	160	180	200	1000	2000
c'hwech-ugent	seizh-ugent	eizh-ugent	nav-ugent	daou-c'hant	mil	daouvil
c'hwec'hugentvet	seizhugentvet	eizhugentvet	navugentvet	daouc'hantvet	milvet	daouvilvet

1000000	1000000000
milion	miliard
milionvet	miliardvet

For 2, 3, and 4, there are both a masculine and feminine form (the masculine form is the first one in the table above).

Nouns

Gender

Breton, like many other European languages, had two genders. Masculine (gourel) and feminine (gwregel). You can "feminize" some masculine words by adding the suffixe -ez: mignon (friend) becomes mignonez (friend, but feminine), same with labourer/labourerez (worker).

Plurality

Nouns tend to only exist in two forms of plural, single and multiple. Similarly to Welsh, Breton has numerous forms for plural depending on the word, and often multiple forms for each words, with slight variations in meaning (e.g. bag (boat) usually becomes bagoù (several boats), but also bigi (same meaning, unusual form) and bageier (a small fleet)).

Parisyllabic plurals

Similarly to the english foot/feet and tooth/teeth, some archaic plural forms remained: dant/dent (tooth/teeth), sant/sent (saint/saints), troad/treid (foot/feet), breur/breudeur (brother/brethren, although "brothers" is now the most used form, breudeur is the only form in Breton), ...

Vocalic inflection

Drask/driski (song thrush), kar/kerent (parent/parents),...

Suppletive

Ki/chas (dog/dogs), den/tud (person/people),... Ki used to make its plural in kon, as it is attested by dourgi (otter, literally dog-water) which still makes its plural in dourgon.

Plural in -où

The most frequent form, with over 40% of names, and over half of them when counting the -ioù form. Usually for inanimate objects: aval/avaloù, (apple/apples), fri/frioù (nose/noses), gwele/gweleoù (bed/beds), penn/pennoù (head/heads),... It is also used for people certain types of people, but without mutations: an tadoù (the fathers), ar mammoù (the mothers), ar mestroù (& ar vistri, this form has a mutation) the masters,... or for species of animals: bouchoù (foals), koleoù (young bulls), leueoù (calves, also means retards)...

"-où" is pronounced [u] in Finistère, [ow] in eastern Cornouaille and lower Bro-Gwened, [o] in Treger and [əɥ] in upper Bro-Gwened.

Plural in -ioù

Not as common as -où, but still pretty common: avel/avelioù (wind/winds), sinema/sinemaioù (cinema/cinemas),...

Palatization by -ioù

rod/rojoù (wheel/wheels), pont/poñchoù (bridge/bridges),...

Plural in -ed

About 12% of plurals. For living beings: paotr/paotred (boy/boys), pesk/pesked (fish/fishes), loen/loened (animals),... Some plurals are in -eed, mainly for nationalities and some french loanwords: Frañseed, Hollandeed, jañdarmeed (gendarmes), retreteed (retirees). Feminine words in -ez usually make their plural in -ezed.

Plural in -ien/-ion

For jobs in -er/-our, about 9% of plurals. Kiger/kigerien (butcher/butchers), soner/sonerion (bagpipes player),...

Plural in -iz

For inhabitants of some place, singular is usually in -ad/-iad: Brestiz, Gwengampiz, Roazoniz,...

Plural in -ier

About 2% of plurals. Bazh/bizhier (stick/sticks), gaou/geweier (lie/lies), kazh/kizhier (cat/cats),...

Plural in -i

Bleiz/bleizi (wolf/wolves), gast/gisti (whore/whores), gwiz/gwizi (sow/sows),...

Internal plurals

Louarn/lern (fox/foxes), maen/mein (stone/stones), tarv/terv (bull/bulls),...

Rare plurals

Ael/aelez (angle/angles), laer/laeron (thief/thieves),...

Collective terms

About 15% of words, always plural so no plural form.

This list in not exhaustive.

Singularity

A strange trait that is mostly unique to is their singulative marker. In Breton, its marked with the suffix enn, used like gwez (several trees) into gwezenn (one tree). The singularity can then be converted into a plurality. In example gwez can be converted into gwezennoù (several trees, but individually).

Singulative can also be expressed through prefixes such as penn-, pezh-, tamm : penn-deñved (a sheep), pezh-dilhad (a piece of clothing), tamm pour (a leek, pourenn and penn-pour also exist).

Articles

In Breton, contrasting to other Celtic languages, every article you write has two forms. The two forms are definite (an) and indefinite (un). The constant 'n' changes in both articles based on the following consonants. It is recognized as an 'n' when before another 'n', 'd', 't', 'h', and all vowels. It changes into an 'l' when before another 'l', and it changes to an 'r' when before everything else. Think a/an except more complicated.

Adjectives

There are two kinds of adjectives in Breton, synthetic adjectives, for example "bras" (big) inflects as ø (stative), oc’h (comparative), añ (superlative) and at (exclamative). Other adjectives, for example "heñval" (similar) do not inflect.

Adverbs

Adverbs don't inflect at all.

Prepositions

Like all of the other Celtic languages, prepositions in Breton are inflected or uninflected. Inflected prepositions typically derive from the contraction between a preposition and a personal pronoun only.

Pronouns

In Breton, like most other languages, there is 1st, 2nd, and 3rd persons. The singles of which (in that order) are me, te and eñ/hi (masculine/feminine). The pluralities are ni, c'hwi, and int. There is also an impersonal form with no pronoun, which is the equivalent of the french "on".

Verbs

Verbs inflect for number, person, tense, and mood. Breton verbs typically have impersonal forms,and verbal adjectives. Unlike other Celtic languages, Breton has a distinct periphrastic continuous aspect.

Impersonal conjugation

Used when insisting on the subject of the action, the subject is mentioned and the verb is conjugated like for the singular 3rd person for all person (a bit like in english): me zo skuizh (I, I am tired (and not you)), an dud-se a gare an natur (those people like nature), me a gan (I sing).

Personal conjugation

All verbs are regular, except bezañ (to be), mont (to go), gouzout (to know), kaout (to have) and ober (to do) which have their own conjugation rules (not detailed here). Like in spanish, one does not say the pronoun when conjugating a verb like this: ar chistr a garan (I like cider, word for word "the cider (I) like"). The conjugated verb is composed of a radical and an inflectional suffix depending on the person and tense. Learning the radical for each verb is necessary since it isn't always obvious: the radical for treiñ (to turn) is tro-. Here are the suffixes for each tense for regular verbs:

Present

Present
me	-an
te	-ez
eñ/hi	∅
ni	-omp
c'hwi	-it
int	-ont
∅ (impersonal)	-er

Imperfect

Imperfect
me	-en
te	-es
eñ/hi	-e
ni	-emp
c'hwi	-ec'h
int	-ent
∅ (impersonal)	-ed

Future

Future
me	-in
te	-i
eñ/hi	-o
ni	-imp
c'hwi	-ot/-oc'h
int	-int
∅ (impersonal)	-or

Past historic

Past historic
me	-is
te	-jout
eñ/hi	-as
ni	-jomp
c'hwi	-joc'h
int	-jont
∅ (impersonal)	-jod

Conditional

Conditional 1 (or potential)
me	-fen
te	-fes
eñ/hi	-fe
ni	-femp
c'hwi	-fec'h
int	-fent
∅ (impersonal)	-fed

Conditional 2 (or unreal)
me	-jen
te	-jes
eñ/hi	-je
ni	-jemp
c'hwi	-jec'h
int	-jent
∅ (impersonal)	-jed

The two conditional are different: the potential is used for events that are likely to happen (e.g. "if I had a dog..."), while the unreal conditional is for highly unlikely events (e.g. "if I was a billionaire...").

Imperative

Imperative
te	∅
ni	-omp
c'hwi	-it

Irregular verbs

bezañ/bout	impersonal	habitual	ponctual	personal	future	imperfect	aorist	conditional I/II
me	(a) zo	bezan	emaon	on	bin	oan	boen	befen/bijen
te	(a) zo	bezez	emaout	out	bi	oas	boes	befes/bijes
eñ	(a) zo	bez	emañ	eo	bo	oa	boe	befe/bijes
ni	(a) zo	bezomp	emaomp	omp	bimp	oamp	boemp	befemp/bijemp
c'hwi	(a) zo	bezit	emaoc'h	oc'h	biot	oac'h	boec'h	befec'h/bijec'h
int	(a) zo	bezont	emaint	int	bint	oant	boent	befent/bijent
∅ (impersonal)	(a) zo	bezer	emeur	eur	bior	oad	boed	befed/bijed

The four first ones are for the present only and are used respectively when the subject is mentioned, for habitudes (usually the b- becomes a v- (e.g. vezomp)), for a specific time and place, and when the subject isn't mentioned and the two previous cases don't apply.

Periphrastic conjugation

Used to put the emphasis on the action being done: verb (infinitve) + a + ober (conjugated). Similar to the english "I do" + verb (I do read, I do understand), but more used.

Komz a ran (I talk, "talking I do"), soñjal a rit (you think), gonit arc'hant a rae (he earned money),...

o + infinitive

This is the equivalent of English verb +"ing", it describes a continuous action: e kêr emaon o chom (I am living in the city), emañ o debriñ (he/she is eating), ur c’hantad a baotred a oa o c’hortoz (a hundred men were waiting),...

Mutations

There are four type of mutations: lenitions, provections, spirantizations and mixts (or leniprovections).

Lenitions

Called "kemmadurioù dre vlotaat" in Breton, they happen after an article (under certain conditions), holl, the adverb re, the propositions da, dre, a, war, dindan, eme, en ur, ..., the interrogative pronoun pe, the possesive pronouns da and e, the number two (daou and div), the conjunction pa, the pronouns hini and re,... They are the overwhelming majority of mutations in Breton.

They cause the following changes:

P becomes B

T becomes D

K becomes G

B becomes V

D becomes Z

G becomes C'H (except for Gw, which becomes W)

M becomes V

Provections

Called "kemmadurioù dre galetaat" in Breton, they happen after the possessive pronouns ho, ez, da'z and az.

They cause the following changes:

B becomes P

D becomes T

G becomes K

Spirantizations

Called "kemmadurioù dre c'hwezañ" in Breton, they happen after the numbers three (tri/teir), four (pevar/peder), and nine (nav), after the possessive articles ma, em, he, o (and hon in Tregerieg) and in the word Easter Sunday (Sul Fask).

They cause the following changes:

P becomes F

T becomes Z

K becomes C'H

Leniprovections

Called "kemmadurioù kemmesket" in Breton, they happen after the grammatical particles e and o and the conjunction ma (meaning "if").

They cause the following changes:

B becomes V

D becomes T

G becomes C'H

Pronounciation

Liammadurioù

Similarly to the French "liaisons", in oral speech, there is a type of external sandhi in which consonants at the end of a word change depending on the first letter of the following word. Unlike mutations, this equally important phenomenon is often forgotten by second language speakers. (Source: Jañ An Du (2012, p.32-33)).

Vocalic sandhi

When a voiceless consonant at the end of a word is placed before a word starting with a vowel, the consonant is voiced.

Examples:

Cheñch penn d’ar vazh (/ʃɛ̃:ʃ pɛn də vaz/) -> Ar vugale a cheñch hañ (/vy’gɑ:le ʃɛ̃:ʒ ɑ̃/)

Me ’meus tapet korveoù war-lerc’h ar saout (/[me møs ’tɑpə kɔʁ’ve:o waʁ’lɛʁh zo̞wt]/) -> Arri eo e saout er gêr (/ɑj ɛ i zo̞wd ge̞:ʁ/)

This lenition also tends to occur in front of semi-consonants (w, y) and liquid consonants (l, m, n, r):

Paotr (/pot/) -> Paotr yaouank, mat ar jeu ? (/pɔd ’jowãŋk mɑ:d a ʒœ:/)

Un debrer patatez (/’nde̞:bəʁ pa’tɑtəs/) -> Ar patatez nevez n’int ket arruet c’hoazh (/pa’tɑ:z newe niɲ cəd ’ɑjə hwɑs/)

Recent french loanwords seem to avoid this rule: E-skeud din ’neus gallet kaout ur plas aze (/skœt tĩ nøz ’gɑlə kɑ:t plɑs ’ɑhe/).

Other exception, when the word ends with two voiceless consonants:

re dost out : ré dost out mestr ar bizied : mêst e bizièd trist an traoù : trist en trèw

Consonantic sandhi

The consonant groups are either voiced or voiceless, it is a universal law: one can have bd or pt, never bt or pd. This is true both within words and in the linking position. When a final voiced consonant is followed by a voiceless consonant or vice versa, the two become either voiced or voiceless, in varying ways. Two voiced consonants can remain voiced, for example in rod dreñ or become voiceless as in rog + dit -> rok tit.

The final consonant can be voiced:

ret din goût hañ : rèd din goûd hañ tout se : toud zé cheñch a ra ya : cheñj ra ya

Or both consonants can be devoiced:

hep dozviñ : hép tèwiñ ur bannac’h gwin : ur bannac’h kwin iliz Zant Laorañs : ilis Sant Laorañs ur marmouz bihan : ur marmous pihen bec’h e vez : béh fé ev da hini : éf te hini

Multiple phenomenon can occur within the same phrase:

gwinizh ha patatez ha boued d’ar vugale : gwinis a patates a bouét te vugalé pet gwezh zo bet lâret dezhañ : pét kwéch so bé lâret téañ bep bloaz a vank gante : bop pla vank kantè hennezh zo ordin o klask jeu deus e c’hoar : héñs so ordin o klask cheu deuz i c’hoar

"Ha" seems to be a special case. Since the "h" in "ha" is silent in many dialects, the consonant before it is often devoiced:

pebr ha holen : pép a holen ur miz hag eizhtez : mis ag eisté saout ha moc’h : zaout a moc’h eizh-ha-tregont : èis a trégont

Although there are some examples of voicing:

lard ha fur : lard a vur Barzh ha Boete : Barz a Boété eizh-ha-daou-ugent : èiz a daou-ugent

Expressions

Salud: Hi

Demat/Devezh mat/Boñjour(old-fashioned): Hello

Mont a ra (mat)?/Penaos emañ kont?/Penaos emañ ar bed?/C'haori a ra?/Mat ar jeu?/Mat an traoù?/Mat ar bed?: How ar you/How's it going?

Mat-re/Mat kenañ: Very well

Mat a-walc'h: Pretty well

Fiskal/Disteñget/Dreist/Dispar/Disheñvel/Deus ar c'hentañ/Paseet beuz/Ag ar choaz: Great

Trugarez/Bennozh Doue/Mersi (bras): Thank you

N'am bo ket (,digomplimant): No thanks.

N'eo ket gwir?: Isn't it?

Re wir eo/Gwir, re wir: That's true.

Digarez/Digarezit: Sorry/Pardon me (first one is for te, the latter for c'hwi)

Hag all/Ha me oar-me: etc...

Abred pe ziwezhat: Sooner or later

Un teuzar eo/Un drugar eo/Ul lip-e-bav eo: It's delicious/It's a delicacy

Degemer mat: Welcome

Kenavo: Goodbye

Ken arc'hoazh: See you tomorrow

Ken ar wech all/Ken ar c'hentañ/Ken diwezhatoc'h/Ken vi gwelet/Ken ar c'hentañ gwelet: See you next time

Ken bremaik/Ken tuchant/Ken emberr/ken bremañ-sonn/ken bremañ-souden: See you later

Aet on: I'm going

Erru on: I'm coming

Pelec'h emaout o chom?: Where do you live?

Deus pelec'h out?: Where are you from?

Gourc'hemennoù: Congratulations

Yec'hed mat: Cheers

Chañs vat: Good luck

Lâret zo bet din...: I was told...

Pebezh genaoueg: What a retard

Ro peoc'h din 'ta: Leave me alone

Serr da veg/Serr da c'henoù: Shut up

Ma revr gant...: I don't give a fuck about...

A-drugarez Doue!: Thanks God!

Kae da gac'hat: Go fuck yourself

Pich-kaoc'h: Faggot

Bazh-Pavilhon/Buoc'h sot/leue: Retard

Sot-nay out pe betra?: Are you retarded or something?

Gast: Whore (used like "fuck!" in english)

Trawalc'h!: Enough!

Re 'zo re: Enough is enough

Na gomz ket outañ' evel-se: Don't talk to him like that

A'i 'oa poent!: About time!

Mont gantañ 'vel fars gant un den kozh: It (usually a deal) went easily/without trouble

War ma meno: In my opinion

Etre daou soñj emaon: I'm divided

Ne ran ket a van: I don't care.

Gwelloc'h e vije dit...: You should rather...

Gwelloc'h e vije ganin...: I'd rather...

E gwirionez: In truth/truthfully

War a welan: As far as I can tell

Kudenn ebet: No problem

Kas keloù din: Keep me informed

Biskoazh kemend-all: WOW

Resources

Online resources

• https://glosbe.com/br/en

a basic dictionary, and certainly the best you would find online.

• http://www.kervarker.org

A good online, free, breton course. Only issue is its short length.

• https://www.loecsen.com/en/learn-breton

A free, english, online breton course.

• http://31.42.184.140/main/1742000/262961ab80b09cb5db11b2cb9a031107/Delaporte%20R.%20-%20Brezhoneg.%20Buan%20hag%20Aes.pdf

A method book for learning Breton, in English.

• https://routledgetextbooks.com/textbooks/colloquial/language/breton.php

Colloquial Breton. In English.

• http://dao.skol.free.fr/

A TON of exercises.

• https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=fr.mgingenierie.kwizh_brezhoneg&hl=en_US

An android app with quizzes on over 2600 words. In French.

• http://www.cndp.fr/crdp-rennes/crdp/crdp_dossiers/dossiers/diouzhtu/accueil.htm

Free online method in French.

• http://www.skolober.com

An incredible online site that teaches breton, that nobody reading this will use because it costs money.

• http://www.edubreizh.com

Another great Breton course, for non English speakers.

• http://www.skolanemsav.bzh/abonnements-et-achat-en-ligne/50-oulpan-1-2-3.html

Same.

• https://www.brezhonegbrovear.bzh/geriadur.php

Breton-French online dictionary (tregerieg), with pronunciation.

• http://dico.troude.free.fr/

Breton-French online dictionary.

• https://sites.google.com/site/brezhonegbew/Diksion%C3%AArKreis-Breizh.pdf
• https://www.brezhoneg.org/sites/default/files/documents/ger.bzh-gal.cornillet-2017.pdf
• https://geriadurbrasfavereau.monsite-orange.fr/
• http://www.devri.bzh/

Dictionaries (pdf), in French.

• https://geriadur.brezhoneg.world/klask.php

Dictionary with mutations.

• http://sbahuaud.free.fr/ALBB/

Atlas linguistique de Basse-Bretagne (ALBB) is a collection of comparative maps for words in each sub-dialect. It's in French.

• https://www.academia.edu/22889601/Breton_French_FreeDict_Dictionary_Geriadur_Tomaz_v0_72

Another dictionary.

• https://archive.org/stream/LexiqueBretonFrancais#page/n5/mode/2up

Breton-French lexicon, with mutations.

• http://hizivandeiz.free.fr/loadnevez/210.htm

Lexique informatique, en français.

• http://banque.sonore.breton.free.fr/

Sound bank of dialects.

• http://apprendre-le-breton-vannetais.blogspot.com/
• http://projetbabel.org/bretonguened/
• https://www.academia.edu/30514320/LEXIQUE_ETYMOLOGIQUE_DU_HAUT_VANNETAIS
• https://archive.org/stream/LeBretonUsuel_201610#page/n5/mode/2up

Resources to learn Gwenedeg (in French).

• https://kalonplouha.pagesperso-orange.fr/

Website about brezhoneg Goelo (in French).

• https://www.persee.fr/doc/abpo_0003-391x_1909_num_25_2_1325

About Brezhoneg Enez-Eusa (Bro-Leon)

• https://brezhoneg.gwalarn.bzh/yezh/distagadur.html

About pronounciation.

YouTube channels

• https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCDSZTvxCYQ97mZpEzlW2AdQ
• https://www.youtube.com/user/pilhaouer

Two YouTube channels which regularly publish recordings of native Breton speakers. There are no subtitles and the accent of some speakers, especially on the first channel, might be difficult to understand for beginners.

• https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyNL3_-ZMXv60cDdNciDEXg

Same as the above, dedicated to the dialect of Bro-Kemperle.

• https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClRvywGREypp9uZHyPhqE5g

Recordings of native speakers subtitled and translated in French.

• https://www.youtube.com/user/Brezhoweb

A YouTube channel with many interviews and documentaries, some of which are subtitled in English. Most people speaking on this channel are NOT native speakers however, so be careful.

Books (in French)

Courses

KLT

• Fanch Morvannou, Initiation au Breton sans peine. Ed. Assimil, 1998 (1979)
• Jean Tricoire, Komzom, lennom ha skrivom brezoneg (2 tomes), Brest: Emgleo Breiz
• Mona Bouzec-Cassagnou, Selaou, selaou (specifically for Kerneveg, but suited for all Breton learners)

Gwenedeg

• HERRIEU, Mériadeg (1979), Le breton parlé - vannetais, éd. Bleun-Brug Bro-Gwéned

NB: Fañch Morvannou's method teaches this dialect as well.

Dictionaries

KLT

• Emile Ernault, Geriadurig brezoneg-galleg. Brest: Brud Nevez, 1984
• Jules Gros, Dictionnaire breton-français des expressions figurées (2 vol.). Emgleo Breiz - Brud Nevez, 1993 (rééd.), 560p. (graphie non unifiée)

• Jules Gros, Le Trésor du breton parlé (3 vol.). Emgleo Breiz - Brud Nevez, 1996 (rééd.), 288+560+658p. (1) langage figuré, (2) dictionnaire, (3) style populaire
• Jules Gros, Le Trésor du breton parlé, 4 (présenté par D. Giraudon). Morlaix: Skol Vreizh, 1989, 151p. (lexique, locutions)
• Jules Gros, Le Trésor du breton parlé : éléments de stylistique trégorroise. Brest: Emgleo Breiz-Gwalarn-Brud Nevez, 1982 (3è éd.)
• Le trégorrois à Plougrescant Dictionnaire breton français - Jean Le Dû (dictionary for a specific sub-dialect of Tregerieg, very difficult to find)
• Korentin Riou, Naig Rozmor, Visant Seite, Lexique français-breton, breton-français.
• Visant Sèité, Laurent Stéphan, Lexique breton-français et français-breton - Geriadur brezoneg-galleg ha galleg-brezoneg. Brest: Emgleo Breiz-Ar Skol dre lizer, 1993 (27è éd.), 480p. + additions
• Claude Troude, Nouveau dictionnaire pratique breton-français du dialecte du Léon. Mayenne: J. Floch, Reprint 1979 (éd. 1869), 823p.
• Claude Troude, Nouveau dictionnaire pratique français-breton du dialecte du Léon. Mayenne: J. Floch, Reprint 1979 (éd. 1869), 940p.
• Per-Jakez Helias (dir.), Dictionnaire breton-français, français-breton. Paris: Garnier, 1986

Gwenedeg

• ERNAULT, Emile, (1919, rééd. 1998), Dictionnaire Breton-Français du dialecte de Vannes, Brud Nevez
• HERRIEU, Mériadeg, Dictionnaire breton-français, vannetais, Bruz Nevez - Emgleo Breiz, Brest.
• HERRIEU, Mériadeg, Dictionnaire français-breton, vannetais, Bruz Nevez - Emgleo Breiz, Brest.

Grammar

KLT

• Andreo Ar Merser, Précis de grammaire bretonne. Brest: Emgleo Breiz - Ar Skol vrezoneg, 1997 (rééd.), 171p.
• L. Le Clerc, Grammaire bretonne du dialecte de Tréguier. Brest: Emgleo Breiz, 1986 (1911), X-248p.
• Visant Fave, Notennou Yezadur. Emgleo Breiz, 1998, 145p.
• Fransez Favereau, Yezhadur ar brezhoneg a-vremañ - Grammaire du breton contemporain. Morlaix: Skol Vreizh, 1997, 480p.
• Pierre Trepos, Grammaire bretonne. Brest: Emgleo Breiz-Brud Nevez, 1996 (1980) 3è éd., 399p.
• Pierre Trepos, Le pluriel breton

Gwenedeg

• GUILLEVIC, A., LE GOFF, P., (rééd. 1999), Grammaire bretonne du dialecte de Vannes, Ar Skol Vrezoneg - Emgleo Breiz, Brest.

Movies

• https://www.breizhvod.com/en/

A movie streaming service with films in Breton.

Radio

• http://www.radiobreizh.bzh/bzh/index.php

Multiple radios in several dialects

Press

• https://abp.bzh/index.php?langue=bzh

Music

• http://per.kentel.pagesperso-orange.fr/frame_titres.htm

Lots of lyrics of traditional songs, some have a french translation.

• Denez Prigent, Yann-Fañch Kemener, Glenmor, Gilles Servat, Alan Stivell, Gweltaz Ar Fur, Youenn Gwernig, Louise Ebrel, Erik Marchand, Barzaz, Sisters Goadec, Brothers Morvan, Marie-Josèphe Bertrand, Pilpazig...

Singers of traditional songs.

• Soldat Louis (french rock), EV (celto-finnish rock), Añjel I.K., Tri Bleiz Die, Daonet, Les Ramoneurs de Menhirs (breton punk), Heol Telwen (breton metal),...

More modern stuff.

Celtic
Breton Cornish Irish Manx Scottish Gaelic (Gàidhlig) Welsh